Taking Charge: Screening For 乳腺癌
When health professionals talk about screening for a disease, 他们的意思是用某种测试来看看一个人是否有某种特殊的情况. The purpose of screening is to detect and treat cancer earlier, 因为, 在一般情况下, early treatment improves the chances of survival. There are several screening tests for breast cancer. Which ones you use depend on your age and other risk factors.
乳房自检
A useful tool for finding breast lumps is a breast self-examination (BSE). 十大赌博平台排行榜建议女性在十几岁或20岁出头的时候学会做这项检查. 确保每个月月经结束时仔细检查你的两个乳房, 或者在每个月的固定时间, 如果你不再来月经.
If you find a lump in your breast, call your doctor. Most lumps (eight out of 10) are not cancer, but that does not mean that you can assume a lump you find is harmless. You must have your doctor examine it.
American Cancer Society Breast Self Exam Instructions
乳房自我检查(BSE)的最佳时间是月经结束后一周左右, when your breasts are not swollen or tender. If you are not having regular periods, do BSE on the same day every month.
- 躺下,在右肩下垫一个枕头,把右臂放在头后.
- 用左手中指的三个指垫去摸右乳房的肿块.
- Press firmly enough to know how your breast feels. A firm ridge in the lower curve of each breast is normal. If you're not sure how hard to press, talk with your doctor or nurse.
- Move around the breast in a circular, up and down line, or wedge pattern. Be sure to do it the same way every time, 检查整个乳房区域, and remember how your breast feels from month to month.
- Repeat the exam on your left breast, using the finger pads of the right hand. (Move the pillow to under your left shoulder.)
- If you find any changes, see your doctor right away.
- 站立时,将一只手臂放在脑后,重复检查双乳. 直立的姿势更容易检查乳房的上部和外部(朝向腋窝)。. This is where about half of breast cancers are found. You may want to do the standing part of the BSE while you are in the shower. Some breast changes can be felt more easily when your skin is wet and soapy.
- 就在你得了疯牛病之后, check your breasts in front of a mirror for any dimpling of the skin, 乳头的变化, 发红, 或肿胀.
临床乳腺检查
你还应该让健康专家定期检查你的乳房——20到39岁的女性每三年检查一次, and every year for women age 40 and over.
筛查性乳房x光检查
A 乳房x光检查 uses X-rays to take pictures of your breast tissue. 技术人员拍照, and a doctor (a radiologist) "reads" the pictures to find any breast abnormalities. 乳房x光检查花费的时间很少,而且是保护乳房健康的重要方法.
The technician usually takes two pictures, or films, of each breast. To take the picture, your breast is compressed between two plates. 这种压迫会让人感觉有些不舒服,但只会持续几秒钟. The entire 乳房x光检查 usually takes about 20 minutes.
筛查性乳房x光检查可用于检查没有乳腺癌症状的妇女,以发现该疾病的早期迹象. 许多专业组织建议女性从40岁开始每年做一次乳房x光检查. 通常你的十大赌博平台排行榜会要求你在快40岁的时候做第一次乳房x光检查,或者说“基线”检查. 患乳腺癌风险较高的年轻女性也可以进行乳房x光检查. 放射科十大赌博平台排行榜会在筛查性乳房x光片中寻找几种类型的变化:
- 钙化 钙化是乳房组织内微小的矿物质沉积,在x光片上表现为小的白色斑点. 某些类型的钙化会增加患乳腺癌的风险. If you have an abnormal pattern of calcifications, your doctor may recommend that you have a breast biopsy.
- 群众 肿块通常是由乳腺良性病变引起的,但也可能是乳腺癌. 良性肿块可能包括囊肿(含液体的囊)或纤维腺瘤(实性肿块)。.
乳房x光检查的神话
- Radiation from 乳房x光检查s increases my chance of getting cancer. Modern mammography equipment uses only 0.1 to 0.2 rads (a measurement unit) per X-ray, 这一剂量在一生中不会显著增加患癌症的风险. 十大赌博平台排行榜们一致认为,这种手术的好处远远超过了很小的辐射剂量.
- Mammograms don't work on younger women. Young women tend to have denser breast tissue, and it is sometimes more difficult to see breast abnormalities. The breast tends to become less dense over time.
- It doesn't matter where I have my 乳房x光检查. As with many things in life, practice and experience count. 最好由一位“阅读”大量乳房影像的十大赌博平台排行榜来做乳房x光检查. 研究表明,解释大量乳房x光片的放射科十大赌博平台排行榜更善于发现异常, as are radiologists who specialize only in mammography.
Keeping Track of Your Mammograms
定期的乳房x光检查如此有用的原因之一是,它们可以让检查它们的放射科十大赌博平台排行榜注意到你乳房随着时间的推移发生的任何变化. If you move or change physicians, you need to make sure that you know where your past 乳房x光检查s are stored. 保留一张清单,显示你的乳房x光检查的日期和每次检查的地点. 从以前的设备中获取底片是很重要的,这样当你下次做乳房x光检查时,放射科十大赌博平台排行榜就可以使用它们了.
如果你知道你有患乳腺癌的高风险,你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议你采取额外的措施来保护你的健康. He or she may recommend that you undergo screening tests, 比如乳房x光检查, before the recommended age of 40. Some doctors may also recommend that you have a 核磁共振成像 取走你的乳房. 这项技术利用磁场来绘制乳房组织的详细图像. 不涉及x光.
If you have a family history of breast cancer, 你可能要考虑进行基因检测,看看你是否有BRCA1或BRCA2基因突变. Deciding whether to undergo this type of testing is a complex process. 遗传咨询师可以帮助你考虑所有支持和反对测试的理由.
阅读更多
- 负责的下一部分: 如何诊断乳腺癌?
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加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.